Language Files 10 - Table of Contents


List of Symbols

Preface to the Tenth Edition Acknowledgments


Chapter 1: Introduction

File 1.0 What Is Language?

File 1.1 Introducing the Study of Language

File 1.2 What You Know When You Know a Language

File 1.3 What You Don’t (Necessarily) Know When You Know a Language

File 1.4 Design Features of Language

File 1.5 Language Modality

File 1.6 Practice

Chapter 2: Phonetics

File 2.0 What Is Phonetics?

File 2.1 Representing Speech Sounds

File 2.2 Articulation: English Consonants

File 2.3 Articulation: English Vowels

File 2.4 Beyond English: Speech Sounds of the World’s Languages

File 2.5 Suprasegmental Features

File 2.6 Acoustic Phonetics

File 2.7 The Phonetics of Signed Languages

File 2.8 Practice


Chapter 3: Phonology

File 3.0 What Is Phonology?

File 3.1 The Value of Sounds: Phonemes and Allophones

File 3.2 Phonological Rules

File 3.3 Phonotactic Constraints and Foreign Accents

File 3.4 Implicational Laws

File 3.5 How to Solve Phonology Problems

File 3.6 Practice


Chapter 4: Morphology

File 4.0 What Is Morphology?

File 4.1 Words and Word Formation: The Nature of the Lexicon

File 4.2 Morphological Processes

File 4.3 Morphological Types of Languages

File 4.4 The Hierarchical Structure of Derived Words

File 4.5 Morphological Analysis

File 4.6 Practice

Chapter 5: Syntax

File 5.0 What Is Syntax?

File 5.1 Basic Ideas of Syntax

File 5.2  How Sentences Express Ideas

File 5.3 Lexical Categories

File 5.4 Phrase Structure

File 5.5 Tests for Structure and Constituency

File 5.6 Word Order Typology

File 5.7 Practice


Chapter 6: Semantics

File 6.0 What Is Semantics?

File 6.1 An Overview of Semantics

File 6.2 Lexical Semantics: The Meanings of Words

File 6.3 Lexical Semantics: Word Relations

File 6.4 Compositional Semantics: The Meanings of Sentences

File 6.5 Compositional Semantics: Putting Words Together and Meaning Relationships

File 6.6 Practice

Chapter 7: Pragmatics

File 7.0 What Is Pragmatics?

File 7.1 Language in Context

File 7.2 Rules of Conversation

File 7.3 Drawing Conclusions

File 7.4 Speech Acts

File 7.5 Presupposition

File 7.6 Practice


Chapter 8: Language Acquisition

File 8.0 What Is Language Acquisition?

File 8.1 Theories of Language Acquisition

File 8.2 First-Language Acquisition: The Acquisition of Speech Sounds and Phonology

File 8.3 First-Language Acquisition:The Acquisition of Morphology, Syntax, and Word Meaning

File 8.4 How Adults Talk to Young Children

File 8.5 Bilingual Language Acquisition

File 8.6 Practice


Chapter 9: Language Storage and Processing

File 9.0 How Do We Store and Process Language?

File 9.1 Language and the Brain

File 9.2 Aphasia

File 9.3 Speech Production

File 9.4 Speech Perception

File 9.5 Lexical Processing

File 9.6 Sentence Processing

File 9.7 Experimental Methods in Psycholinguistics

File 9.8 Practice


Chapter 10: Language Variation

File 10.0 What Is Language Variation?

File 10.1 Language Varieties

File 10.2 Variation at Different Levels of Linguistic Structure

File 10.3 Factors Influencing Variation: Regional and Geographic Factors

File 10.4 Factors Influencing Variation: Social Factors

File 10.5 Practice

Chapter 11: Language Contact

File 11.0 What Is Language Contact?

File 11.1 Language Contact

File 11.2 Borrowings into English

File 11.3 Pidgin Languages

File 11.4 Creole Languages

File 11.5 Societal Multilingualism

File 11.6 Language Endangerment and Language Death

File 11.7 Case Studies in Language Contact

File 11.8 Practice


Chapter 12: Language Change

File 12.0 What Is Language Change?

File 12.1 Introducing Language Change

File 12.2 Language Relatedness

File 12.3 Sound Change

File 12.4 Morphological Change

File 12.5 Syntactic Change

File 12.6 Semantic Change

File 12.7 Reconstruction: Internal Reconstruction vs. Comparative Reconstruction

File 12.8 Practice

Chapter 13: Language and Culture

File 13.0 What Is the Study of “Language and Culture”?

File 13.1 Language and Identity

File 13.2 Language and Power

File 13.3 Language and Thought

File 13.4 Writing Systems

File 13.5 Practice


Chapter 14: Animal Communication

File 14.0 How Do Animals Communicate?

File 14.1 Communication and Language

File 14.2 Animal Communication in the Wild

File 14.3 Can Animals Be Taught Language?

File 14.4 Practice


Chapter 15: Language and Computers

File 15.0 What Is Computational Linguistics?

File 15.1 Speech Synthesis

File 15.2 Automatic Speech Recognition

File 15.3 Communicating with Computers

File 15.4 Machine Translation

File 15.5 Corpus Linguistics

File 15.6 Practice


Chapter 16: Practical Applications

File 16.0 What Can You Do With Linguistics?

File 16.1 Language Education

File 16.2 Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology

File 16.3 Language and Law

File 16.4 Language in Advertising

File 16.5 Codes and Code-Breaking

File 16.6 Being a Linguist

File 16.7 Practice


Appendix: Answers to Example Exercises

Selected Bibliography

Glossary

Language Index

Index

IPA Symbols and Example Words

American English Consonant and Vowel Charts

Official IPA Chart